![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_82efdacf8ae64b0a91743779045373cc.jpg/v1/fill/w_288,h_216,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_82efdacf8ae64b0a91743779045373cc.jpg)
Material reconstruction
Campagi
They were one of the typical footwear of the Early Roman Empire.
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_987dd030361346168d0fc9fdda5b4bbd.jpg/v1/fill/w_317,h_232,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/8ccc6d_987dd030361346168d0fc9fdda5b4bbd.jpg)
4th Century campagi found in
Deurne, Holland
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_822851aa50634e77992c199b0a1b2483.jpg/v1/fill/w_147,h_98,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_822851aa50634e77992c199b0a1b2483.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_57e672ee4d81403b804df80d77768dfe.jpg/v1/fill/w_108,h_61,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_57e672ee4d81403b804df80d77768dfe.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_ecf11fae0f1e478986b476d4e6455f6c.jpg/v1/fill/w_108,h_61,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_ecf11fae0f1e478986b476d4e6455f6c.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_822851aa50634e77992c199b0a1b2483.jpg/v1/fill/w_147,h_98,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_822851aa50634e77992c199b0a1b2483.jpg)
Ballista or 'scorpio'
Torsion catapult, to attack or defend, and which was operated by several legionaries who were specialists in artillery.
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_de6a3729768047638a37ec4f96c969c7.jpg/v1/fill/w_232,h_230,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/8ccc6d_de6a3729768047638a37ec4f96c969c7.jpg)
Remains of a catapult found in Ampurias (Catalonia)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_78e7279b57b44783b5535307324ac2f9.jpg/v1/fill/w_232,h_199,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/8ccc6d_78e7279b57b44783b5535307324ac2f9.jpg)
Detail of the burial monument of Caius Vedennius Moderatus, 1st Century
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_f3fd668c296e48f8bcbb984e8f73b2ff.jpg/v1/fill/w_302,h_193,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/8ccc6d_f3fd668c296e48f8bcbb984e8f73b2ff.jpg)
Scorpio from La Caridad, Caminreal (Teruel).
Photograph: Jorge Escudero
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_66452bc5054b4b32a71497c98e2f473d.jpg/v1/fill/w_108,h_61,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_66452bc5054b4b32a71497c98e2f473d.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_3112fa61eb05440ab9dfc404149ea1e1.jpg/v1/fill/w_108,h_61,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_3112fa61eb05440ab9dfc404149ea1e1.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_b91a7f01e7944ac08235287634785187.jpg/v1/fill/w_108,h_61,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_b91a7f01e7944ac08235287634785187.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_66452bc5054b4b32a71497c98e2f473d.jpg/v1/fill/w_108,h_61,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_66452bc5054b4b32a71497c98e2f473d.jpg)
Shields
Scutums from the later period had a cylindrical or an oval shape. They were made up of wooden planks coated with leather, as well as metal edges and bands. They also had a metallic projection (umbo).
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_c469be27d46c45bbaaade659894dccb8.jpg/v1/fill/w_108,h_61,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_c469be27d46c45bbaaade659894dccb8.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_c2ddd94f460d45bbb61109ba2e1470e2.jpg/v1/fill/w_108,h_61,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_c2ddd94f460d45bbb61109ba2e1470e2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_3f9e8bfd9939474c98064a51f097dbb7.jpg/v1/fill/w_108,h_61,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_3f9e8bfd9939474c98064a51f097dbb7.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_c469be27d46c45bbaaade659894dccb8.jpg/v1/fill/w_108,h_61,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_c469be27d46c45bbaaade659894dccb8.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_8723e0ce1d2142e9a0be57f3cddbd292.jpg/v1/fill/w_76,h_57,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_8723e0ce1d2142e9a0be57f3cddbd292.jpg)
4th Century soldiers wearing round shields.
Mosaic from Villa del Casale, Piazza Armerina
Campagi CUIJK
Reconstruction of a campagi model found in CUIJK (Holland). We have also reconstructed the sandal from the same site.
![cohors prima gallica reconstruccion campagi cuijk](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_bcc369baf34d48e3ad941775802ac1e6~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_60,h_78,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_bcc369baf34d48e3ad941775802ac1e6~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_e18242f5cbff44e3b232c29980d661c2~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_147,h_84,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_e18242f5cbff44e3b232c29980d661c2~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_2cacb5b438e9417899c089d40f9949ab~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_147,h_84,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_2cacb5b438e9417899c089d40f9949ab~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_13b430f675d646debfd6d3e6a41e4d53~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_147,h_84,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_13b430f675d646debfd6d3e6a41e4d53~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_e18242f5cbff44e3b232c29980d661c2~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_147,h_84,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_e18242f5cbff44e3b232c29980d661c2~mv2.jpg)
Original remains of late footwear.
Cuijk (Holland)
Reconstruction process of the Simancas knife
SIMANCAS knife
“Simancas” type of military knife. This reconstruction in particular has a horn handle and a decorated scabbard.
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_4c2b3020d90a40b6bbdacc32cd97e324~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_91,h_65,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_4c2b3020d90a40b6bbdacc32cd97e324~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_a5a46cc962b64e1b9449e5cee4ae0f4a~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_61,h_108,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_a5a46cc962b64e1b9449e5cee4ae0f4a~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_b2a9f18cd6d9435b8bfd6fcac3132bd5~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_99,h_176,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_b2a9f18cd6d9435b8bfd6fcac3132bd5~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_fd9b7378e9b745e780cd8a53e105c3d0~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_99,h_176,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_fd9b7378e9b745e780cd8a53e105c3d0~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_a5a46cc962b64e1b9449e5cee4ae0f4a~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_61,h_108,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_a5a46cc962b64e1b9449e5cee4ae0f4a~mv2.jpg)
Squamata
It is an armour of a late Roman officer. 2900 “scales” were needed to make it.
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_a2d650a2020e4461a5d14381ba09ae0c~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_50,h_71,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_a2d650a2020e4461a5d14381ba09ae0c~mv2.jpg)
Reconstruction of a squamata
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_964ba22f593247878c75aa9aa1c0f64f~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_71,h_54,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_964ba22f593247878c75aa9aa1c0f64f~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_6d07c851f0c146ee9488fb9f8050875d~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_102,h_167,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_6d07c851f0c146ee9488fb9f8050875d~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_22fabb37123740b29b19b7c89f752425~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_102,h_167,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_22fabb37123740b29b19b7c89f752425~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_5783592789f744f88203b4bc37bb89af~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_123,h_200,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_5783592789f744f88203b4bc37bb89af~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_6d07c851f0c146ee9488fb9f8050875d~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_102,h_167,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_6d07c851f0c146ee9488fb9f8050875d~mv2.jpg)
Part of the reconstructed squamata, next to photographs of archaeological discoveries
SIMANCAS knife (Fuentespreadas)
Reconstruction of a “Simancas” type of knife from the original found in Fuentespreadas (Zamora, Spain)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_a4ad6aa0fd9940f29c5ceac652de6adc~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_99,h_176,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_a4ad6aa0fd9940f29c5ceac652de6adc~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_8c98c017d1a843d481df8f27f463bd96~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_99,h_176,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_8c98c017d1a843d481df8f27f463bd96~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_2e0f20f49ef24f11bdac109035c26e1f~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_99,h_176,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_2e0f20f49ef24f11bdac109035c26e1f~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_a4ad6aa0fd9940f29c5ceac652de6adc~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_99,h_176,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_a4ad6aa0fd9940f29c5ceac652de6adc~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_5c8720be13394302b46c41f6e1350951~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_102,h_61,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_5c8720be13394302b46c41f6e1350951~mv2.jpg)
4th Century Simancas knife from Fuentespreadas. (Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Madrid)
Late Roman bits
Reconstruction of different kind of tips used by our late roman cavalry. For more information: click here
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_6d604ac287304bcb8efbbb415c98a4fa~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_108,h_61,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_6d604ac287304bcb8efbbb415c98a4fa~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_01661548a6164e05b06df7b84a6466c5~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_108,h_61,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_01661548a6164e05b06df7b84a6466c5~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_d5d41da954ab417ea7b9f05b3008b76c~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_108,h_61,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_d5d41da954ab417ea7b9f05b3008b76c~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_6d604ac287304bcb8efbbb415c98a4fa~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_108,h_61,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_6d604ac287304bcb8efbbb415c98a4fa~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_756191fbe78841d6b5067d171d134bd1~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_118,h_67,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_756191fbe78841d6b5067d171d134bd1~mv2.jpg)
Authepsa
Reconstruction of authepsa. It is based on the authepsa found in AUGST. For more information: click here
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_ab084fe1d4c14350861d93fc47ce2d48~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_58,h_78,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_ab084fe1d4c14350861d93fc47ce2d48~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_5d3eb70b272344e8b59c3f8f8b15d932~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_58,h_78,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_5d3eb70b272344e8b59c3f8f8b15d932~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_acbe6d9735d0415ebba2b0259b60c8a6~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_58,h_78,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_acbe6d9735d0415ebba2b0259b60c8a6~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_ab084fe1d4c14350861d93fc47ce2d48~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_58,h_78,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8ccc6d_ab084fe1d4c14350861d93fc47ce2d48~mv2.jpg)
![authepsa_02 - copia.jpg](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8ccc6d_c3d03706a9ad4902a6d7c14a170bc03f~mv2_d_1201_1800_s_2.jpg/v1/fill/w_72,h_108,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/authepsa_02%20-%20copia.jpg)